Saturday, July 24, 2010

Life Without Mango as Market Economy without Humanity Juice!

PM to constitute panel on urbanisation

PM seeks CMs cooperation for Goods and Service Tax implementation

Indian Holocaust My Father`s Life and Time - Four Hundred THIRTY

Palash Biswas

http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/
23/07/2010

India ninth most attractive investment destination: UN agency

New Delhi: India climbed four notches to be ranked the ninth most attractive investment destination in 2009 with a total foreign direct investment inflow of $34.61 billion, a UN report revealed Thursday.

India attracted sizeable overseas investment despite the overall drop in such inflows due to the global financial crisis, said the World Investment Report-2010, prepared by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (Unctad).
"If the situation continues to improve, India is likely to be among the most promising investor home countries in 2010-2012, as well as the third highest economy for foreign direct investment in 2010-2012," said the report.
"In 2008, though India attracted higher foreign direct investment worth 40.42 billion, its ranking was lower at 13th. China nudged further up to second at $95 billion from a third place last year," said Rashmi Banga, senior economist with Unctad.
The US remained the top investment destination with inflows of $130 billion in 2009, followed by China, France, Hong Kong, Britain, Russia, Germany, Saudi Arabia, India and Belgium. Total inflows amounted to $1.11 trillion, against 1.77 trillion in 2008.
In 2009, Indian firms and funds also invested a lower amount of $14.89 billion overseas, compared to a $18.4 billion in 2008.
"But such outflows are expected to rebound in 2010 sustained by merger and acquisition opportunities associated with Indian and Chinese firms' persistent pursuit of natural resources and markets," the report said.
The report also said that five Indian companies figured in the list of top 100 non-financial trans-national corporations, ranked by their foreign assets overseas.
Among them Tata Steel was ranked 15th, the state-run Oil and Natural Gas Corp in the 20th position, Hindalco in 29th rank, Tata Motors in 40th position and Suzlon in 54th.
Source: IANS
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Life Without Mango as Market Economy without Humanity Juice!

We have lost our Original Identity at Home, the Twin Mango Tree on the Centre of the Premises at Basantipur, seven or eight KM away from Pant Nagar.

My Brothers Padm Lochan and Panchana informed me on Phone.

My Cousin Arun with his Oceonology Mad Teen Age Daughter Krishnavisiting us in Sodepur described the details. The episode directly makes me land like an ET in an alien Planet Unknown to the world I belong to nowadays.

Our Thakuma Shanti Devi had her old hand in every seed that was planted in our Childhood. She was very sad NOt to have Palm, Lichi, Coconut Trees in the Terai. She missed the Free Flow of Madhumati and the Fragrance of Hilsa Fishes in the Monsoon. She did her best to make up the loss with growing all kinds of Fruit Trees available in the Dry Weather without Humidity. We had every kind of trees around us including those Medicine related. But the Mango trees were much abundant. Hundreds of them. My Cousin Subhas and Me helped our Grand Ma to make the home so Juicy and Celebrating. But the Twin Trees standing amidst the Lawn just created our Identity. One of the Twins had Sour and other Very Sweet Mangoes.

We had a Bed around the Tree and we would recite all Beautiful Poems sitting there. I would fall deep asleep with my infinite dreams. Deep in the night some one elder would transfer me into my bed. My sisters would learn their Music Lesions there.My Father, the Refugee and Peasnt leader Pulin Babu would interact with his people formally or informally. Even the VVIPs like Ministers, MPs, MLAs, Administrators, Political Leaders would only be recieved there. My CHHOTOKAKA, a Doctor would see his patients and even would do a little bit of Emergency Surgery. My Aunts and Ma would relax there while the Men were away.

I had spent all NOON hours in my childhood amidst the Mango and Black berry Trees! I did never wash the fruit to have a bite dirctly from the tree and it would often inflict my body. Swarms and Snakes alike were the dangers for which we did never care!

With the demise of the First and Second Generations who were anyhow linked to earst while East Bengal where from they were Ejected, very few of the Trees left at home. We would see the receding number every time we visited our Home. But the Twins were INTACT even last season.

My Cousin Nitai Dada had the First Nursery and Hatchery in Kankinara Shyam Nagar area in North 24 parganas, famous for sapling and fisheries. My Nephews Niranjan and Tapas are engaged in the Nursery business. They have every species of Mango Plants. My Mango Association, thus, continued even in Kolkata.

But this season, the Diabetic Crisis has deepened so much so, that we had NO Taste of Mango despite the Abundance. My Son Steeve has also developed a distaste for Sugar though he is NOT Diabetic.

This LOSS of Mango Bite has made the life without Celebration. It is reduced to Slavery these days. Bonded. taste less, scentless,barren and lifeless. I am amazed to feel the Same about Our Free market Democracy which deprives us of IDENTITY, Job, Knowledge, Health Care, Property, Land, Water, Air, Livelihood and Job. Everything which means the Humanity Juice!

India - The world's fastest growing free market democracy

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The Monsoon Session of Parliament will commence on July 26 and, subject to the exigencies of Government business, conclude on August 27.

The session would provide 24 sittings spread over a period of 33 days, Parliamentary Affairs Minister Pawan Kumar Bansal told mediapersons.

He said the session would mainly be devoted to essential Government legislative and other business, including financial business relating to Supplementary Demands for Grants for the year 2010-11 in respect of Railway and General Budgets and Supplementary Demands for Grants of the State of Jharkhand for the year 2010-11.

Meanwhile,Prime Minister Manmohan Singh Saturday said a sub-committee of the National Development Council, the top policy forum of the country, will examine all aspects of urbanisation.

'I propose to constitute a sub-committee of the National Development Council under the chairmanship of S. Jaipal Reddy, the union urban development minister, that would conduct an in-depth examination of these issues and present a report within a period of 12 months,' he said.

'This will be an input into the Twelfth Five Year Plan,' Manmohan Singh told the 55th meeting of the council for a mid-term appraisal of the current Five Year Plan that runs till March 31, 2012.

The prime minister thanked the chief ministers for the comments made on the issues and challenges posed by urbanisation, which he said was complex and challenging.

Manmohan Singh, during his previous tenure as prime minister had set up an urban renewable mission, apart from promising a new deal for rural India.

PM seeks CMs cooperation for Goods and Service Tax implementation

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Saturday asked states to embrace the Goods and Services Tax(GST) from the next fiscal, saying replacement of most indirect taxes by this will help in greater revenue mop up.
The Centre earlier this week proposed three different rates -- 20 per cent for goods, 16 per cent for services and 12 per cent for essential items -- under GST.
"Reform of tax structure and tax administration isanother important step in resource mobilisation. The GST is especially important in this context and I would urge Chief Ministers to give full support to the effort to implement GST with effect from April 1, 2011," Singh said at the National Development Council (NDC).
The GST would replace excise and service tax at the central level and VAT at the state-level.
The PM's statement comes at a time when doubts have been voiced by many NDA-ruled states over the implementation of the GST from April one, 2011. The introduction of new indirect tax regime has already been delayed by a year due to differences among the states and the Centre.
Most chief ministers were present at the NDC meeting called to review the progress of the 11th five-year Plan.
The introduction of GST would need constitutional amendments, which is required to be passed with two-thirds majority in both houses of Parliament, and ratification through a simple majority by at least half of the state assemblies.
As such, the support of chief ministers is crucial for radical reforms.
If all members of Parliament vote in the Constitutional amendments bill, 362 members of the Lok Sabha and 161 MPs of Rajya Sabha will have to vote in favour of the bill to pass it.
Therefore, the support of the main opposition BJP is required for the passage of the Bill in Parliament.
Earlier this week, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee had reminded the BJP that its election manifesto during last Lok Sabha elections had promised to implement GST, if the NDA comes to power.
The Centre expects to table Constitutional amendments bill in Parliament in the monsoon session that begins Monday.
However, the draft of the bill prepared by the Centre is still being studied by states and they will meet on August 4 to discuss the issue.
Mukherjee had said that introduction of the GST would help double the size of India's economy to USD 2 trillion in a short span of time.
He had also assured the states that he is willing to go beyond the 13th Finance Commission's recommendations of Rs 50,000 crore compensation to states.

Keeping up the acts

M R Madhavan Tags : mrmadhavan, columns Posted: Sat Jul 24 2010, 01:21 hrs

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The monsoon session of Parliament will be held from July 26 to August 27. The UPA government has not been able to meet its legislative targets in the last couple of sessions. The government had planned to pass 27 bills and introduce 64 bills in the budget session; it managed only to pass six and to introduce 28 bills.
A few bills had been identified as priority items in the President's Addresses to Parliament in 2009 and 2010. The land acquisition amendment and the rehabilitation bills appear to have fallen prey to coalition compulsions, at least till the Bengal elections. The newly constituted National Advisory Council has made some recommendations on the food security bill and the communal violence bill. These bills will likely be re-drafted, and thus, are unlikely to be introduced this session.
A few months after the UPA government was formed, the law minister stated his intention to introduce the Judicial Accountability and Standards Bill. During the last year, issues related to the appointment and conduct of judges have cropped up. Controversies include those regarding disclosure of assets, impeachment motions against two high court judges, and the corruption charge in the Punjab and Haryana high court. Indeed, some press reports indicate that the inquiry committee looking into the case of Justice Sen of the Calcutta high court may be close to finalising its report. If this committee submits the report soon and finds cause for removal of the judge, we may witness the rare case of the removal motion being debated in Parliament.
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Keeping-up-the-acts/650941

DTC, GST bills in monsoon session of parliament

BS Reporter / New Delhi July 24, 2010, 1:16 IST

The government will table the two bills – the revised draft of the Direct Tax Code (DTC) and the single rate goods and services tax (GST) regime, during the monsoon session of the Parliament.
Sources in the Finance Ministry said the constitutional amendment bill for introduction of GST will be placed towards the end of the session. Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee has asked ministry officials to prepare the final draft by August 20. The monsoon session of the Parliament will end on August 24. He also told the opposition parties that the government would like to pass the proposed GST Bill by December.

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Need to revisit development plans in Maoist areas: PM

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh Saturday said a "holistic development programme" was needed for Maoist affected areas, admitting that the government sponsored schemes "have not worked" in bridging the alienation of the tribal people whose rights should be protected.

"The problems of marginalised sections of our country, many of whom live in areas which are affected by Left wing extremism, call out for special attention," Manmohan Singh said, addressing the National Development Council meeting here.

Calling for "a concerted effort to bridge the development deficit in these backward areas", the prime minister said: "Our development schemes have not worked well in these backward and impoverished parts of our country, particularly the areas inhabited by the adivasi population."

He said the government would "reduce whatever sense of alienation that may exist among the adivasis living in these areas. As the word 'adivasi' implies, they were the original inhabitants and their rights must be fully protected".

At the same time he said there should be no doubt that Maoist insurgency needed to be "met with and it will be met with the centre and the states cooperating fully with one another".

But this, he said, "must be supplemented by action on two other fronts.

"We must recognise that good governance alone gives people a sense of participation and empowerment. Failure to implement (Forest Rights Act and Panchayati Raj Act) laws in letter and spirit reduces the credibility of our commitment to bring development to these neglected regions."

He exhorted that these areas "must be provided with additional resources for development and the development programmes must be aligned to the special circumstances of these areas".

"I have asked the Planning Commission to design a holistic development programme for these areas in consultation with the states and other stakeholders," he said.

Cameron to seek 1 billion pound Hawk deal with India

LONDON: UK will seek to sell 57 more Hawk Jet trainers to India in a deal worth a million pounds during David Cameron's first ever visit to New Delhi after taking over as Prime Minister next week.

The 57 trainers will be in addition to the 66 fighters already contracted for by the British aerospace company BAE.

Cameron is leading a clutch of cabinet ministers, who are among a 90-strong delegation, on a trade mission to India.

According to the Financial Times, defence exports will be one of the most concrete and contentious manifestations of the "special partnership" Cameron wants to forge with a rising power, which he feels Britain has neglected for too long.

According to The Times, Cameron will lead the big delegation to showcase his "commercially based foreign policy with a 1 billion pounds defence deal".

The prime minister is to travel with seven cabinet ministers, including the foreign secretary, chancellor and business secretary, in an effort to revitalise ties with New Delhi and to generate business in the insurance, financial services and technology sectors.

Cameron's team will also seek to press British interests in India's USD 11 billion (7.1 bn pounds) 126-aircraft fighter procurement contest.

Six manufacturers are in the running for the lucrative deal with EADS, the consortium that includes BAE Systems, offering the Eurofighter Typhoon jet.

The most immediate big deals, the paper said, may come in defence.

BAE hopes to sign a deal worth up to 500 million pounds to supply 57 more Hawk trainer jets, building on an established partnership with state-run Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, Bengaluru.

India ordered 66 Hawk jets from BAE in 2004 at 1 billion pounds cost.

All the aircraft in the follow-up deal, if achieved, are likely to be built by HAL.

The model for technology transfer and joint manufacturing could also be extended to UK aircraft carriers and shipbuilding.

Other potential defence equipment offers on the British stall include the Type-26 frigate, the "future surface combatant", which BAE Systems would seek to sell in "modular form" once its design is complete.

The UK company has been seeking shipbuilding opportunities as India's navy has sought to expand its fleet from its own dockyards rather than buying warships from other navies, the report said.

The BAE already has an armoured vehicle and artillery joint venture with truck maker Mahindra & Mahindra.

Dikshit for wider debate on FDI in multi-brand retail

Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit today sought a wider debate on whether to open up foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail before a final decision is taken by the Centre on the issue.

Dikshit, speaking at the National Development Council meet here, said a large number of people of India earn their livelihood from retail activities and impact of opening up the sector to FDI on domestic retailers will have to be examined.

"There is a need to deliberate on this policy before any conclusion is drawn," she said.

The Commerce and Industry Ministry had earlier this month said there was a case for opening up of the sector to FDI saying it would not only help farmers earn more but also keep the price-line under check.

The Delhi Chief Minister also sought changes in guidelines under Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission and said the Centre needs to take into account increasing cost of land and building material while allocating funds under the scheme to the states.

Seeking proper attention at the "highest level" to address urban poverty, she said slums are the "most visible manifestation of urban poverty" and as well as "failure" of urban development process in the country.

Favouring concrete efforts for skill development of workforce, she said low productivity of labour force has been affecting the growth process.

Talking about the economy of the country, Dikshit said there was a need to control non-plan expenditure including some of the subsidies which have either become "redundant or dysfunctional".

The Chief Minister also expressed serious concern over indiscriminate exploitation of ground water. She said there has been a steady increase of requirement of potable water in urban areas because of rising population pressure on account of migration from rural areas.

"An integrated water management policy, on which the Planning Commission is working, should be taken up before the 12th Plan begins," she added.

Dikshit highlighted various initiatives of her government in areas such as health, education, women and child development.

She also sought more emphasis by the Centre on improvement of road based public transport in the country.

On the power sector, she said Delhi will soon become a power surplus state as several new power generation plants are coming up.

Chh'garh for Rs 4553-cr scheme for development of Naxal areas

Plagued by the Maoist problem, Chhattisgarh Government has submitted to the Planning Commission a Rs 4553-crore scheme for rapid socio-economic development in seven Naxal-affected districts of the state.

"We have submitted a scheme amounting to Rs 4553 crore for the seven districts widely affected by left wing extremism to the Planning Commission and I hope its formal sanction will be accorded soon," Chief Minister Raman Singh said today.

Speaking at the 55th National Development Council Meeting here, he said special assistance in the form of integrated development plan should also be made available to six other districts affected by the Naxal menace.

Dismissing suggestions that large-scale mining by private companies is the cause of the Naxalism in the state, he said most of the mining activities are being undertaken by Central PSUs and lamented that they spend "only a small" amount of their profit towards development.

"The real position is that over 86 per cent of coal mining and 98 per cent of iron ore mining in the state is being undertaken by the Central PSUs like SECL, NMDC and SAIL," he said.

While people have been demanding a policy for setting a substantial part of the mining profit aside for developmental activities, "the PSUs spent only small amount of their profit towards local development, which needs to be corrected urgently," he said.

He said, "The amount being spent are less than three per cent, which needs to be immediately raised to 10 per cent and finally up to 20 per cent to 25 per cent".

Singh also raised concern over some sections of the new mining bill being based on the "infallible principle of direct licence to first in the line" and said it should instead be based on "direct licence to applicants who offer maximum value addition or revenue sharing principle".

Another omission in the said mining bill is that it contains no provisions for scheduled areas which should be incorporated, he added.

The Chief Minister also suggested that the Centre should consider establishment of a suitable construction agency for improving road connectivity in the Naxal-affected Bastar district for speedy development.

"In addition to this, number of units of Border Roads Organisations working in this area (Bastar) should also be increased," he said.

Expenditure of Rs 13,230.39 crore yet to be settled in Bihar

PATNA: Even as the Patna High Court stayed the operation of its order favouring a CBI probe into alleged non-reconciliation of advances, the CAG has highlighted that in all, adjustment of advances of Rs 13230.39 crore drawn on Abstract Contingent (AC) bills is pending settlement between 2002-3 and 2008-09.

The CAG in its report for the year ended March 31, 2009 points out that the Bihar Treasury Code provides that advances drawn on AC bills should be settled by submitting Detailed Contingent (DC) Bills to the Accountant General not later than 25th of the sixth month from the date of drawal of advance from the treasury.

Scrutiny of records revealed that out of Rs 11,924.44 crore drawn on 50,384 AC bills, only 5394 DC bills for Rs 964.85 crore were submitted to the Accountant General, Bihar and no DC bills for 44990 AC bills of Rs 10959.59 crore drawn during the year from 2002-03 to 2007-08 were submitted despite repeated audit objections.

Further, 8039 AC bills for Rs 2384.04 crore were drawn during 2008-09, of which 412 DC bills for Rs 77.27 crore had been submitted.

"Thus in all, adjustment of advances of Rs 13,230.39 crore drawn through 52617 AC bills was pending," the CAG report says.

The Patna High Court yesterday stayed its previous order on whether or not the allegations levelled in a PIL in connection with the CAG report were a fit case to be investigated by the CBI.

The CAG in its report had highlighted non-reconciliation of advances drawn on AC bills from treasuries worth Rs 11,412 crore between 2002-03 and 2007-08.

Arrest warrants against IPL team owners Priety Zinta, Ness Wadia

CHANDIGARH: Indian Premier League (IPL) team Kings XI Punjab ended up on the wrong side of the law Saturday when a court here issued bailable arrest warrants to its three owners - actress Priety Zinta, industrialist Ness Wadia and businessman Mohit Burman.

The arrest warrants were issued by Chief Judicial Magistrate J S Sidhu after the three owners failed to appear before the court in a case against them.

The case against the Kings XI Punjab owners was filed by the Registrar of Companies (ROC) office in April, accusing them of not submitting their balance sheet and returns.

However, the fourth owner of the team, businessman Karan Paul, was not issued the arrest warrant since his counsel appeared before the court Saturday.

The court has fixed Oct 4 as the next date of hearing in this matter.

The three Kings XI Punjab owners, against whom the arrest warrants were issued, will have to appear before the court at the next hearing.

The team has its headquarters at the Punjab Cricket Association (PCA) stadium in Mohali town in Punjab, 10 km from here.

The team has not been doing well in the last three editions of the IPL despite having big names like Yuvraj Singh, Kumara Sanghakara, Bret Lee and Irfan Pathan in its ranks.

Sensex revisits 29-month high on FII's buying spree

MUMBAI: The BSE benchmark-Sensex scaled to a 29-month closing peak during the week on rise in metal, capital goods, PSU and auto counters in view of announcement of good corporate results for the first quarter coupled with sustained FII's buying.

Markets continued to rule firm for the third consecutive week by gaining more than 670 points, or 3.84 per cent on the back of persistent FII's buying.

As per the SEBI sources and the provisional figures of stock exchanges the foreign funds continued their buying spree, as they bought shares worth Rs 1,794.38 crores during the current week.

The BSE benchmark Sensex ended the week at 18,130.98, as against the last weekend's level of 17,955.82, showing a rise of 175.16 points or 0.98 per cent, its highest closing level since 6th Feburary 2008.

By Nagesh Narayana | July 24, 2010 2:14 AM EDT

Stormy monsoon session ahead as parliament opens on Monday

With the major opposition Bharaitya Janata Party (BJP) declining the prime minister's luncheon meeting on Saturday over CBI hunt for the home minister of Gujarat Amit Shah, the stage is set for a stormy session ahead when parliament's monsoon session begins on Monday.

Bashir returns to Sudan after defying ICC in Chad (4:11 am)
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Court Consumer India Books Management

While the controversial Women's Reservatin Bill and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Bill are listed in the agenda, their passage is not certain owing to opposition to both the bills. But the bill that be passed without much opposition will be the bill on salary hike of parliament members from 16,000 rupees per month to 80,001 rupees per month, effectively making it one rupee more than a government secretary.

Other bills which figure in the list are the Direct Taxs Code Bill, 2010 and the Constitutional (Amendment) Bill, 2010 (to introduce a goods and services tax from April 2011) or GST bill.

The session will also set up a joint committee to regulate financial products falling under multiple jusridictions, besides the National Identification Authority of India Bill, the whistleblowers Bill, the Public Interest Disclosure and Protection to Persons Making the disclosure Bill, 2010.

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Here is the list of Bills provided by parliamentary affairs ministry:

1. The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

2. The Securities and Insurance Laws (Amendment and Validation) Bill, 2010 – (to replace an ordinance)

3. The Jawahar Lal Institute of Post Graduate, Medical Education and Research (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

4. The Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Bill, 2010 - (to replace an ordinance)

5. The Enemy Property (Amendment and Validation) Bill, 2010 (to replace an ordinance)

6. The Labour Laws (Exemption from Furnishing Returns and Maintaining Registers by Certain Establishments) Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions Bill, 2010.

7. The Representation of People (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

8. The Salary, Allowances and Pensions of Members of Parliament (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

9. The Jharkhand Panchayati Raj (Amendment) Bill, 2010. (to replace an ordinance)

II – Bills for consideration and passing

1. The Seeds Bill, 2004

2. The Pesticides Management Bill, 2008

3. The Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Bill, 2010

4. The Chemical Weapons Convention (Amendment) Bill, 2010

5. The Trade Marks (Amendment) Bill, 2009, as passed by Lok Sabha

6. The Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2009

7. The National Commission for Heritage Sites Bill, 2009

8. The State Bank of India (Amendment) Bill, 2010

9. The Clinical Establishment (Registration and Regulation) Bill, 2010, as passed by Lok Sabha.

10. The Land Port Authority of India Bill, 2010, as passed by Lok Sabha.

11. The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Bill, 2006

12. The Prevention of Torture Bill, 2010, as passed by Lok Sabha.

13. The Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Bill, 2010

14. The Orissa (Alteration of Name) Bill, 2010

15. The Constitution (One Hundred and Thirteenth Amendment)Bill, 2010

16. The National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions (NCMEI) (Amendment) Bill, 2010, as passed by Lok Sabha.

17. The Industrial Disputes (Amendment) Bill, 2009 -

18. The Constitution (One Hundred and Eighth Amendment) Bill, 2010, as passed by Rajya Sabha.

19. The Commercial Division of High Courts Bill, 2009, as passed by Lok Sabha.

20. The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2008

21. The Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill, 2010, as passed by Lok Sabha.

22. The Constitution (One Hundred and Twelfth Amendment) Bill, 2009

23. The Provisions of Municipalities (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Bill, 2001

24. The Wakf (Amendment) Bill, 2010, as passed by Lok Sabha.

III – Bills for Introduction

1. The Biotechnology Regulatory Authority of India Bill, 2010.

2.` The Anti Hijacking (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

3. The Consumer Protection (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

4. The Forward Contracts Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

5. The Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

6. The Direct Tax Code (DTC) Bill, 2010.

7. The Constitution (Amendment) Bill, 2010 – (To introduce goods and services Tax from April, 2011.)

8. The National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Bill, 2010.

9. The New Delhi Municipal Council (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

10. The Indian Penal Code and Certain Other Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

11. The Arms (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

12. The Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

13. The National Academic Depository (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

14. The Institute of Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

15. The Architect (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

16. The Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India) Amendment Bill,2010.

17. The Cinematograph Bill, 2010.

18. The Press and Registration of Books and Publications Bill, 2010.

19. The Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill, 2010.

20. The Constitution (Amendment) Bill, 2010 – (To increase the age of retirement of the High Court Judges by three years from 62 to 65.)

21. The Marriage Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2010.

22. The Public Interest Disclosure and Protection to Persons Making the Disclosures Bill, 2010.

23. The National Identification Authority of India Bill, 2010.

24. The Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Bill, 2010.

25. The Dam Safety Bill, 2010.

26. The Nalanda University Bill, 2010.

IV – Financial Business

1. Discussion and Voting on First Supplementary Demands for Grants (General) for 2010-11 and related Appropriation Bill.

2. Discussion and Voting on Supplementary Demands for Grants of Jharkhand for the year 2010-11 and related Appropriation Bill.

3. Discussion and Voting on Supplementary Demands for Grants (Railways) for 2010-11 and related Appropriation Bill.

VI – Non-legislative Business

1 Discussion on the Statutory Resolution seeking approval of the Proclamation issued by the President on June 1, 2010 under article 356(1) of the Constitution in relation to the State of Jharkhand.

2 Discussion on the issue of Population Stabilisation in the country.

http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/38044/20100724/india-parliament-monsoon-session-salary-hike-mps-salary-nuclear-damage-bill-opposition-bjp.htm

DTC, GST bills in monsoon session of parliament

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The Hindu

Clouds loom over monsoon session as angry BJP skips PM's lunch

Indian Express - ‎19 hours ago‎

... the "shameless misuse" of the CBI by the government for political purposes — foretold a stormy monsoon session of Parliament, scheduled to begin Monday ...

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Reuters India

Good monsoon to bring down inflation: PM

NDTV.com - ‎11 hours ago‎

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NDC approves 11th Plan mid-term appraisal

Economic Times - ‎1 hour ago‎

... and 12.47 percent food inflation, has generated quite a political storm that is expected to hit the monsoon session of Parliament, beginning Monday. ...

IOC, BPCL, HPCL face Rs 13400 crore revenue losses

Daily News & Analysis - Debjit Chakraborty - ‎20 hours ago‎

... the first supplementary demands for grants for 2010-11," the oil ministry source said. The month-long monsoon session of Parliament will begin Monday. ...

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Prime minister's economic panel doubts GST rollout by April '11

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Cabinet nod for Nalanda bill

Times of India - ‎Jul 8, 2010‎

... the Union Cabinet on Thursday approved presentation of Nalanda University Bill 2010 in the forthcoming monsoon session of Parliament. ...

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GoM on new mines bill to meet again on July 30

Hindustan Times - ‎Jul 22, 2010‎

However, when asked if the Mines Ministry was pushing to introduce the bill in the Monsoon session of Parliament starting next week, she said, ...

MPs' salary hike tops House agenda

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DTC bill in monsoon session of Parliament: Pranab Mukherjee

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Centre okays 3 greenfield airports in NE

SHILLONG: To improve air connectivity, the Centre has approved three greenfield airports in the Northeast region, an official statement said on Saturday.

Of the three, the Pakyong airport in Sikkim is already under construction and Rs 264 crore has already been invested in to it, while the other two will be in Itanagar and Cheithu in Nagaland.

Besides, Rs 94.14 crore has been approved as viability gap funding to Alliance Air for providing air services in the NE region has been approved for 2010 and 2011.

The development of the Tezu airport, at a cost of Rs 79.00 crore, has also been approved, the statement said, adding the project is being implemented by the Airports Authority and is expected to be ready by March 2012.

On the road development front, the statement said,"so far, about 596 km was completed in 2009-10. About 2,319 km of roads and highways were developed in Arunachal. Bids were received for four projects with a total length of 776 km, which will be awarded shortly. The Trans-Arunachal Highway forms a key part of this initiative," the statement added.

It said the mega rail-cum-road bridge at Bogibeel over the Brahmaputra which has already been taken up will provide an important link between Assam and Arunachal.

"Conversion of the metre-gauge routes of the Lumding-Silchar-Jiribam, the Badarpur-Kumarghat and the Rangiya-Murkongselek, to broad-gauge is being done on priority.

"The capital cities of the NE states are getting progressively connected by rail. Guwahati and Agartala are already connected. Projects for connecting the capitals of Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal have also been taken up," it said.

Construction of the Assam gas cracker project, which is expected to generate substantial downstream investment and employment, is in full swing and Rs 744 crore has been spent till March. The project is scheduled for completion in April 2012, the statement added.

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India to sell 30 bn rupee T-bills on July 28: RBI

MUMBAI: India will sell 20 billion rupees of 91-day and 10 billion rupees of 364-day treasury bills on July 28, the central bank said in a statement on Friday.

I-T department, biggest litigant in Govt: FM

Calling it the biggest litigant in the entire Government, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee on Saturday asked the Income Tax Department to reexamine the way it handles tax disputes.

Speaking at the 150th anniversary of the Income Tax in India, the Finance Minister also exuded confidence that direct tax collections, hit by the global financial crisis in the last two fiscals, will regain its pre-cisis collection with the economy poised to grow by 8.5 per cent this fiscal, nine per cent the following year and double digits thereafter.

"One area of concern is litigation with taxpayers. The Department is filing appeals in a routine manner without careful thought and examination leading to the Department earning the dubious distinction of being the biggest litigant in the Government of India," Mukherjee said.

He said some of the appeals filed by the Department have been dismissed by the courts on account of inordinate delays.

"These issues require a relook at the system of legal and judicial management," the Finance Minister said.

He said that there must be institutional arrangements to address tax disputes to the satisfaction of both taxpayers and tax collectors so as to reduce the number of litigations to a minimum.

The Finance Minister said that the proposed Direct Taxes Code, expected to replace the Income Tax Act from the next fiscal, will provide a taxation regime which is simple and broad based and in turn will lead to lower tax rates, better tax compliance and reduced litigation.

He said a Bill on the code will be tabled in the upcoming session of Parliament starting from Monday.

The Finance Minister said that the annual growth of direct taxes has averaged about 24 per cent in the last five years.

"This was despite two low growth years in 2009-09 and 2009-10 due to the slowdown in the global economy. With the Indian economy poised to grow at 8.5 per cent in the current fiscal, we expect the growth to regain its past buoyancy," he said.

Mukherjee also hoped that the economy will grow by nine per cent next fiscal and will cross the barrier of double-digit growth soon after that.

Raise allocation for PDS supplies, improve OMSS sale: PMEAC

To make better use of overflowing granaries, the Prime Minister's advisory panel PMEAC on Friday suggested increasing the allocation of foodgrains for supply through ration shops.

The government could also plan for liberal release of wheat 'well in advance' under the Open Market Sales Scheme (OMSS) for state governments and bulk consumers, the Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council said in its economic outlook for 2010-11.

"In order to leverage public stocks... the allocation under the Public Distribution System (PDS) could be raised from the current level of 47 million tonnes in 2010-11 to 50 million tonnes," it said.

The PMEAC also noted that the government should start selling rice to retail consumers under OMSS as the grain stock in the central pool at the beginning of 2010-11 season in October is expected to be 24 per cent higher at 26.7 million tonnes, compared to the previous year.

It further suggested that the government should closely monitor the futures prices of wheat and use the electronic spot market for periodic release of stocks.

"The pilot scheme for e-auction run by the Food Corporation of India (FCI) in Delhi through the NCDEX and MCX could be scaled up for this purpose," it added.

According to the PMEAC, state governments have lifted only 6.5 lakh tonnes of rice under the OMSS scheme launched in October, 2009, against the allocation of 10 lakh tonnes. This scheme is valid till September.

With regard to wheat, the state governments have lifted only 4.54 lakh tonnes of the grain, against the central allocation of 20 lakh tonnes, due to the lack of distribution channels for getting the wheat to retail consumers, it said.

However, the sale of wheat to bulk consumers improved after the floor price was brought down. Bulk consumers had lifted 12.4 lakh tonnes as on June 28 this year, against the allocation of 21 lakh tonnes, it added.

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States to be fully compensated for GST: Pranab

Finance minister Pranab Mukherjee today assured the states that the Centre will fully compensate them on possible losses arising from implementation of the goods and services tax (GST) regime.

"No state would be allowed to suffer any loss and would be fully compensated by the Central government," he said at a meeting of the National Development Council here today, attended by most of the state chief ministers.

Mukherjee, earlier this week, had proposed a three-tier structure for the new indirect tax regime--20 per cent for goods, 16 per cent for services and 12 per cent for essential items. As per the formula, the Centre and the states will equally share the revenue.

The Centre had already discussed the draft constitutional amendment bill with the state finance ministers. "The Centre alone can't get it implemented as it requires constitutional amendment for which a large political consensus is required among major political parties," he said.

The 13th Finance Commission it its recommendations had asked the Centre to set aside Rs 50,000 crore to compensate the states for the possible revenue loss from GST rollout.

As part of the tax reform, the government proposes to introduce GST, which will subsume levies like excise, service tax, VAT and local levies like octroi etc from April 1, 2011.

GST was earlier scheduled to be implemented from April 2010, but could not do so because the Centre and the states failed to arrive at a consensus primarily on the tax rate and the quantum of compensation to the states for any possible revenue loss on account of this new indirect tax regime.

Mukherjee solicited support from all political parties for evolving a consensus on the various issues concerning the GST proposals.

Meanwhile, the chief ministers of BJP-ruled states today raised concerns about autonomy saying the new tax regime should not curtail their power to levy taxes.

"The GST rate (proposed by the Centre) should be treated as the floor rate without limiting the autonomy of the states," Karnataka chief minister BS Yeddyurappa said while addressing the NDC meeting.

Describing GST as important step to mobilise resources, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in his address to the NDC sought cooperation from chief ministers in implementing the new tax regime.

Montek points to farm, water, tribals & power ills

24 Jul 2010, 0308 hrs IST,ET Bureau
NEW DELHI: The Planning Commission has identified five areas that require policy attention of the states and the Centre, ahead of Saturday's National Development Council meeting to review the mid-term appraisal of the eleventh plan.

The commission hinted that course correction is needed in agriculture, depleting water resources, shortfall in power generation, urbanisation and special problems of tribal development.

"I think a lot of problems (in these areas) could be addressed by taking suitable policy decisions and not just by putting in additional money," Planning Commission deputy chairman Montek Singh Ahluwalia told reporters on the eve of the NDC meeting.

"We have put these five areas as supplementary note in the MTA (mid-term appraisal) document to bring focus of the state governments which will ultimately take corrective steps," he said.

The MTA note along with the main document will be placed before the NDC on Saturday for approval.

He singled out water as a major area of concern and pointed towards a need for devising an integrated water resource policy on the lines of integrated energy policy to address the issues on an urgent basis. On agriculture, Mr Ahluwalia said that while the prospects looked good the overall agriculture growth may fall short of the 4% target, but come in the range of 3-3.5% level in the plan period. The MTA document says that efforts need to be made to achieve 4% growth in agriculture, at least in the 12th Plan.

The document asks states to give focused attention to agricultural development, make efforts to strengthen extension system, promote use of micro-nutrients, improve supply of high quality seeds, cut down agriculture taxes and ensure diversification.

The MTA supplementary note says high growth in agriculture has to be driven by growth in non-foodgrain agriculture sectors such as dairy and fisheries for which it is important to bring in the private sector to create an integrated value chain. It calls for reform of the agricultural produce marketing committee Acts in many states, which would be necessary to trigger private sector investment in logistics and warehouses, futures markets, infrastructure support, standards and quality certification.

On management of India's water resources, the MTA note suggests raising water charges, completing ongoing irrigation projects before taking up new ones and more comprehensive legislation to prevent excessive use of groundwater.

The NDC meeting is expected to put larger responsibility on the states to reform power distribution.

Mr Ahluwalia said distribution sector reforms would be key to sustaining the investment now flowing into generation and transmission sectors.

Mr Ahluwalia said the plan panel was adopting a cautious approach on growth. It is not revising the 11th Plan target of 8.1% GDP growth. He also said that the implementation of GST is the most important piece of reform on the government's agenda. This could substantially increase the GDP through mere efficiency enhancement, he said.

Obama criticizes Republicans on US economy

WASHINGTON: President Barack Obama criticized Republicans on Saturday for supporting economic policies that "created this mess in the first place" as he tried to raise election-year doubts about his opponents.

Obama used his weekly radio and Web address to promote his own prescriptions for the ailing US economy a day after his administration projected the US jobless rate could average 9.7 per cent this year and 9 per cent in 2011. He said an overhaul of financial regulations he signed on Wednesday would help prevent the type of reckless Wall Street behavior that triggered the 2008 financial meltdown. He said tax cuts for small businesses and efforts to promote job growth in the clean energy sector would pay dividends.

"Now, I can't tell you that this plan will bring back all the jobs we lost and restore our economy to full strength overnight," Obama said.

But he said the country was heading in the right direction. Americans weary of recession go to the polls on Nov. 2 to elect 435 members of the US House of Representatives and 37 members of the US Senate. Both parties anticipate Republicans will pick up seats against Democratic majorities in both chambers and could win the House. Obama singled out House Republican leader John Boehner for criticism.

Boehner wants to repeal and replace Obama's healthcare overhaul and keep in place tax cuts for wealthy Americans that expire at the end of the year. Some Democrats have also questioned whether those tax cuts should be allowed to expire at a time of economic stress. The White House wants to extend tax cuts for the middle class but end the reductions for the wealthy. "I am confident that we are finally headed in the right direction," Obama said. "We are moving forward. And what we can't afford right now is to go back to the same ideas that created this mess in the first place."

A CNN-Opinion Research poll released on Friday said 42 per cent of Americans approved of Obama's handling of the economy, compared with 57 per cent who disapproved. "I know times are tough, I know that the progress we've made isn't good enough for the millions of Americans who are still out of work or struggling to pay the bills," he said.

He said Americans needed to rekindle a spirit of optimism to get through a time of great challenge and difficulty and not be afraid of the future.

Amit Shah is innocent, says Narendra Modi

Gujarat Minister of State for Home Amit Shah is 'completely innocent' and all allegations against him have been 'fabricated', Chief Minister Narendra Modi said here Saturday while accepting his resignation.
'Amit Shah is completely innocent. The allegations have been fabricated,' Modi said after arriving in the capital in the morning.
'Amit Shah has sent his resignation to my bungalow. I will complete the formalities after returning from here. I accept his resignation.'
Shah has been summoned by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) for his alleged role in the killing of Sohrabuddin Sheikh, accused of being a Lashkar-e-Taiba activist by the police, in a staged shootout in 2005.
'The Congress government in the centre is misusing the CBI to obstruct the development of Gujarat. It is a conspiracy to obstruct the development journey of Gujarat,' Modi said.

Former minister sentenced to one year of rigorous imprisonment

Former minister Kamala Das was today sentenced to one year of rigorous imprisonment and fined Rs 4,000 by a special vigilance court here for his involvement in the salt scam. Special Judge, Vigilance, S K Mohanty sentenced Das to one year of rigorous imprisonment and imposed a fine of Rs 4,000.
In case of default one more month will be added to the sentence. Das and Raj Kumar Routray, Managing Director, Prince International Pvt Ltd, Bhubaneswar were also sentenced to an year''s rigorous imprisonment.
Das and Routray were allowed one month''s time to appeal before a higher court. "We will challenge the verdict in the Orissa High Court before August 23," her lawyer Suman Routray told reporters.
Das, during her tenure as minister of Women & Child Development Department entered into criminal conspiracy with Routray and obtained pecuniary advantage by illegal and corrupt means, abusing her official position as public servant in the matter of supply of iron fortified salt. The fortified salt was supplied to anganwadi centres under the Supplementary Nutritional Programme and Mid-Day Meal scheme.
Das was removed from the council of ministers in 2001 after Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik suspected her involvement in the salt scam

Forest right act not properly implemented in Dhinkia area

Contrary to the Orissa government''s claim that it met all formalities while recommending diversion of forest land for the proposed Posco project at Jagatsinghpur district, a joint central team today observed otherwise. A three-member joint committee appointed by the Ministry of Environment and Forest and Ministry of Tribal Affairs made an on-the-spot inquiry on the implementation of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, after holding discussion with the district administration.
"The forest right act has not been implemented properly in three gram panchayats under Ersama block," one of the committee members Asish Kothari told reporters after visiting the proposed project site. Noting that though the population of scheduled tribes, schedules castes and traditional forest dwellers in the area was not much, Kothari said a large number of people were dependent on forest land for their livilihood for generations.
The Centre sent the team to the three gram panchayats of Dhinkia, Nuagaon and Gada Kujang after the CPI alleged that norms of the forest right act were grossly violated as no gram sabha was held before giving forest and environment clearance to Posco-India''s Rs 51 crore steel project. The team met tribal families and traditional forest dwellers over 2900 acre of forest land which was within 4004 acre demarcated for handover to Posco.
The panchayat representatives of the three gram panchayats submitted petitions to the team opposing diversion of forest land for industrial use. "We have told the joint committee we are against forest land diversion," Dhinkia gram panchayat sarpanch Sisir Mohapatra said.
Nuagaon gram panchayat sarpanch Bhaskar Swain also made a similar petition to the joint commission, while Gada Kujang sarpanch Nakula Sahu supported the diversion of forest land. The members of the United Action Committee (UAC), who support the Posco-India project expressed displeasure over the joint committee giving attention to the Dhinkia gram panchayat while neglecting the two others.

Dynamic universities will generate knowledge leaders: Kalam

Former President Dr A P J Abdul Kalam today said dynamic universities would generate knowledge leaders of tomorrow and act as crucibles for ideas, innovation and enterprises. Dr Kalam, who was addressing a gathering on the foundation day celebrations of Ahmedabad University here, said dynamic universities will play a crucial role in realising the integrated action for achieving the distinctive profile of nation by 2020.
Sharing his experiences of interaction with Indian and foreign universities, Kalam said, "Universities from developed world with century-old experience have realised the significance of research as foundation for any university." "In last one decade, I have met more than 3 million university students and faculty from more than 150 universities in India and abroad.
Based on which, I have formulated a futuristic university vision," he said. "Good teachers can be in any part of the world.
The university has to bring in this resource through innovative content generation in virtual class rooms," Kalam said. Technological connectivities among universities have to be pursued on a war footing using cost effective virtual class rooms, he added.

Opinions and Editorials

A Dream

IE - 04:49 AM
Post-Inception, dreams are totally cool. So, I will abandon my inhibition and write about a dream I frequently have.

        View:         Headlines Only |         Include Summaries |         Include Photos

Pulses heartbeat IE - 04:49 AM
Crops are grown outside our towns. Anger over food prices grows in our towns. Put these two facts together, and you can figure out exactly how divorced, sometimes, the justifiable concern about food inflation is from the cold realities of agriculture.
Three clever by half IE - 04:49 AM
Just about a few months back ('Pak daydream, wake-up call', IE, March 20) I had written that the Pakistani establishment suffers from periodic bursts of delusion, about once in eight years or so.
Unveiling the truth IE - 04:49 AM
It would not be entirely correct to assume that the animated discussion these days on the subject of the burqa necessarily reflects a concern for the rights of Muslim women.
The arithmetic of dal, atta and rice IE - 04:49 AM
During the last six months, much debate has focused on the "price rise" in agricultural commodities, especially in the price of food.
Feeding both the prisoner and the jailer IE - 04:49 AM
I was intrigued to see several recent calls for bids by the US Agency for International Development for programmes that would, among other things, train young Arabs how to better use the Internet and other digital technologies for political activism, advocacy, greater transparency and accountability, and other such democratic practices.
Politics of slight IE - 04:49 AM
The omens for the monsoon session of Parliament are clear. On Friday, senior BJP leaders pleaded their inability to keep a luncheon appointment with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, citing the CBI summons to Gujarat Home Minister Amit Shah.
The dream lives IE - 04:49 AM
It started as a dare. When MIT Media Lab visionary Nicholas Negroponte promised to bring affordable computing to children in developing countries with the One Laptop Per Child project, India's HRD ministry rejected the idea. We didn't need the largesse, because we had the smarts and economies of scale to make a $10 laptop, it claimed.
Printline pakistan IE - 04:49 AM
Hillary comes visiting
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton was in Pakistan this week. The News reported on July 18: "Clinton called for 'additional steps' from Pakistan against terrorism... Should an attack against the US be traced to Pakistan, it would have a very devastating impact on our relationship,' she added.
Keeping up the acts IE - 04:49 AM
The monsoon session of Parliament will be held from July 26 to August 27. The UPA government has not been able to meet its legislative targets in the last couple of sessions.
Duping Uncle Sam IE - 04:49 AM
In the three Indo-Pak wars, the only beneficiary from the American perspective is their military-industrial complex.
Behind the curve? FE - 02:33 AM
Reserve Bank of India's credit policy is due later this month. The latest data for industrial production and prices released in July will make RBI's policy dilemma worse. Industrial production declined in May while core inflation rose sharply.
FE Editorial : Sound banking FE - 02:33 AM
Banks are posting robust results in the quarter ended June this year, largely on the back of strong credit growth, led in particular by the telecom sector.
Column : FM gives in too easily on GST FE - 02:33 AM
It would be apparent to even a casual observer of India's political economy over the last two decades how difficult it is for the political process to implement the agenda of economic reform.
Report card FE - 02:33 AM
This study* looks at the impact of conventional monetary policy measures and of central bank communication on exchange rate volatility of the rupee.
Letters to the editor FE - 02:33 AM
Apropos of the article 'Population, angels and demons' (FE, July 19), we should not forget that the glorious freedom struggle did not translate into great economic freedom.
Column : Forecasting inflation accurately FE - 02:33 AM
Inflation has recently been a headline issue in India. Spikes in inflation seem to have taken policymakers by surprise and a full understanding of the drivers of inflation in the country is hard to come by. Difficulties in modelling the process that determines price rises are compounded by deficiencies in measurement.
Column : FMCG welcomes rains FE - 02:33 AM
After last year's poor monsoon, FMCG majors were praying for rains to improve their margins this fiscal.
FE Editorial : For high yields FE - 02:33 AM
As the southwest monsoon gathers steam across India, sowing of kharif crops has gained strength with pulses, sugarcane and cotton emerging as the big gainers.
The bent of his mind IE - Fri, Jul 23
Before paying tributes to the great Muttiah Muralitharan, first a request to those with a geometry box in hands and wearing "I love Darrell Hair" T-shirts.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Stalin bats for SEZ tax concessions

A proposal to discontinue tax incentives to special economic zones (SEZ) is causing concern to developers and prospective investors, Tamil Nadu Deputy Chief Minister M.K. Stalin said here Saturday.
Speaking at the 55th meeting of the National Development Council (NDC), the country's top policy forum convened Saturday, Stalin said: 'The SEZ policy is beginning to yield results. The proposal to discontinue tax incentive to SEZs in the revised DTC (direct tax code) is causing concern among the developers and prospective investors.
'We are of the opinion that concession already formulated under SEZ policy, should continue and amendments proposed in the revised DTC needs to be modified,' he said.
He said as many as 575 SEZs have been approved by the board of approval out of which 358 have been notified in the country. Out of 70 SEZs approved in Tamil Nadu, 57 has been notified.
Requesting provision of early coal linkages to the power projects coming up in Tamil Nadu, Stalin hoped that Kudankulam nuclear power project is commissioned early so that the state would get its share of 960 MW.
He said the average demand of power in Tamil Nadu is 11,000 MW. The availability is 8,000 MW. Projects in pipeline are expected to create around 6,500 MW of additional installed capacity by 2010-11.
Referring to intra-state rive linking projects in Tamil Nadu, Stalin urged the central government to provide substantial funds and also initiate talks with southern states for interlinking of rivers for efficient use of water for irrigation and drinking water purposes.
He also requested a share of Rs.5,000 crore fund earmarked for environmental protection for Tamil Nadu to increase the carbon absorbing capacity of the forests for mitigating global warming.
According to him, Tamil Nadu has spent Rs.47,500 crore till 2009-10 out of the approved Rs.85,344 crore under the Eleventh Plan. He said during 2010-11, an outlay of Rs.20,068 crore will be incurred.
'There has been a shortfall, in achieving the targeted overall growth rate, due to erratic monsoon, and global economic slow down. Now the economy is showing, signs of revival, and we are expecting, higher growth rate,' he said.
Citing Tamil Nadu government's housing and insurance schemes, Stalin suggested the union government to implement similar schemes across the country.
Under the Kalaignar Veetu Vasathi Thittam scheme, the Tamil Nadu government will replace 21 lakh thatched houses with concrete ones at an outlay of Rs.18,000 crore.
The state also implements an insurance scheme covering 1.44 crore families each for Rs.100,000 for specified life threatening diseases.
24/07/2010

Modi aide Amit Shah eludes arrest, CBI on trail

Ahmedabad: CBI has launched a search for Amit Shah, who resigned as Gujarat Minister of State for Home after being charged with murder and extortion in the Sohrabuddin Sheikh fake encounter case. Shah and two other accused in the 2005 case – Yashpal Chudasama and Ajay Patel - have gone underground, sources in the CBI said.

"All three are key accused in the fake encounter case and we are searching for them," CBI officials said. Teams from the Central agency, which filed a chargesheet in the case yesterday, are searching for the accused at various locations, they added.

The 46-year-old BJP leader, a close aide of Chief Minister Narendra Modi was exploring legal options after his anticipatory bail plea was rejected by the Special CBI Court yesterday, sources close to development said. The chargesheet has named Shah as a key accused along with IPS officers DG Vanzara, Rajkumar Pandian, MN Dinesh and Abhay Chudasama. In all, 15 accused have been named.

According to the chargesheet, it was Shah who had entrusted the task of eliminating Sheikh, an alleged gangster, to Vanzara, Pandian and Chudasama. Sheikh was killed in an encounter near here on November 26, 2005. The CBI is conducting a fresh probe into the encounter at the behest of the Supreme Court.
Source: The Indian Express
24/07/2010

CBI: Shah tried to hamper probe, threatened witnesses

Ahmedabad: After the Sohrabuddin Sheikh fake encounter case was transferred to CBI by the Supreme Court, Gujarat Minister of State for Home Amit Shah, along with two other accused, tried to hamper probe and threaten witnesses, the investigating agency has said.

Shah directed Ajay Patel and Yashpal Chudasama, his close confidants and accused, to "convince, coerce, threaten and influence the witnesses on his behalf to conceal the truth from CBI about the fake encounter of Sohrabuddin", according to the chargesheet filed by the agency. The 2005 encounter case was transferred to the Central agency in January this year.

Investigations revealed that Ajay Patel conveyed a message to two witnesses, Raman Patel and Dashrat Patel, that what they say before CBI would be provided to them in the form of written statements by DCP Abhay Chudasama, who is also an accused, it said.
Both witnesses had four meetings with middlemen sent by Shah at separate places. These meetings were video-graphed by the two witnesses in a discreet manner. This audio-visual recording has been seized by the CBI. "The transcription of these meetings revealed obstruction and influencing of the witnesses by Shah and Abhay Chudasama," the chargesheet said.
Source: The Indian Express
24/07/2010

MP CM accuses GoM on Bhopal of ignoring gas victims who died

New Delhi: Accusing the Group of Ministers (GoM) on Bhopal of "completely ignoring" those who died in the gas tragedy, Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chauhan on Saturday demanded a special session of the ministerial body to discuss the additional compensation issue.
He said that more than 90% of the gas victims will not get any additional compensation as only some amount has been recommended for 42,166 victims by the GoM and more than 5,20,000 victims recognised by the Welfare Commissioner have been left out. "I must also point out that the GOM completely ignored 10,047 gas victims who died as a result of the gas tragedy. This group has not been given any additional compensation," Chauhan said.
"I would urge that the entire question of additional compensation is revisited and a special session of the GoM should be convened for this subject," he said. Last month, the GoM led by Home Minister P Chidambaram favoured enhanced compensation for victims and a government-sponsored clean-up of the Union Carbide factory premise.
On the disposal of toxic waste, the Chief Minister said there was resentment among locals in Pithampur area in Dhar district on the issue as they "have a lot of misgivings about the after affects of burning of chemical waste and there is opposition to this act." Chauhan stressed on the need to revisit the issue of disposal of toxic waste and find all possible options including the option of burning the waste.
Assuring the Centre full support for disposal of toxic waste, the Chief minister said it should be done under the guidance of the oversight committee set up by the GoM. He also urged the Centre to sanction state government's proposal to create a corpus of Rs 500 crore for the relief and rehabilitation of gas victims.

Modi: it's 'pick and choose'

The Hindu - ‎5 minutes ago‎
PTI Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi on Saturday alleged that a "pick and choose" policy was being followed in the CBI probe against his Minister of State for Home Amit Shah (since resigned) in the Sohrabuddin encounter case. "Mr. Shah is innocent. ...

Shah episode is UPA to digress from issues: Vyas

Times of India - ‎45 minutes ago‎
VADODARA: Gujarat health minister Jaynarayan Vyas on Saturday dubbed CBI chargesheet against minister of state for home Amit Shah in Sohrabuddin fake encounter case as an attempt of Centre to divert Opposition's attention from important issues ahead of ...

Any move to target Modi will boomerang on Cong: BJP

The Hindu - ‎4 hours ago‎
PTI The Hindu Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi at the meeting of the 55th National Development Council at the Vigyan Bhavan in New Delhi. Photo : Rajeev Bhatt Striking a combative note after the resignation of Gujarat Home Minister Amit Shah, ...

"The Congress needs to learn that the more they try to scratch Modi, It will boomerang on them," party spokesperson Ravi Shankar Prasad said.
more by Ravi Shankar - 4 hours ago - The Hindu (15 occurrences)

CBI probing Shah's role in Kausar Bi's murder

IBNLive.com - ‎3 hours ago‎
New Delhi: A Gujarat policeman's confessional statement to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has raised questions over Gujarat's Minister of State for Home Amit Shah, who is on the run since July 23 after being chargesheeted by the CBI in the ...

Pick and choose by CBI in Shah case, he is innocent: Modi

Hindustan Times - ‎4 hours ago‎
PTI Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi on Saturday alleged that "pick and choose" policy has been followed in the CBI probe against state Home Minister Amit Shah in the Sohrabuddin fake encounter case and accused the Centre of using the agency as a ...

BJP chief ministers back Narendra Modi, allege misuse of CBI

Daily News & Analysis - ‎3 hours ago‎
PTI New Delhi: Chief ministers of BJP-ruled states today joined their Gujarat counterpart and party colleague Narendra Modi to allege that the UPA government was misusing CBI for political gains. "Yes, the CBI is being misused. ...

Sohrabuddin case: Ex-CID chief turns defensive

IBNLive.com - ‎3 hours ago‎
Ahmedabad: Former Gujarat CID chief GC Raigar, who retired in 2007 and had headed the investigation in the Sohrabuddin Shaikh fake encounter case, and Geeta Johri, the then SIT chief, are now on the defensive. Raigar denied that he was under any ...

Resignation of Amit Shah too little too late: Congress

Sify - ‎4 hours ago‎
The Congress party on Saturday said the resignation of Gujarat Home Minister Amit Shah charged with murder of Sohrabuddin Sheikh in a fake encounter is too little too late. Shah, who has been untraceable, sent his resignation to Gujarat Chief Minister ...

CBI closes in on Modi's closest aide

Times of India - ‎Jul 22, 2010‎
AHMEDABAD: A CBI probe reached perilously close to Gujarat CM Narendra Modi's doorstep with sleuths on Thursday summoning his closest aide and state's home minister Amit Shah for his role in the Sohrabuddin Sheikh fake encounter case. ...

Sohrabuddin case: Gujarat minister Amit Shah resigns

Times of India - ‎13 hours ago‎
NEW DELHI: Facing charges of murder and arrest, Gujarat minister of state for home Amit Shah, a close associate of chief minister Narendra Modi, on Saturday resigned from the state ministry. "As I landed here in Delhi, I have information that Amit ...
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Bharatiya Janata Party
Gujarat
Narendra Modi
New Delhi
Ahmedabad

Timeline of articles

Number of sources covering this story

	Shah episode is UPA to digress from issues: Vyas ‎45 minutes ago‎ - Times of India
	Clouds loom over monsoon session as angry BJP skips PM's lunch ‎18 hours ago‎ - Indian Express
	Government rubbishes BJP charge of CBI misuse ‎Jul 23, 2010‎ - The Hindu
	'Atmosphere too bitter' to lunch with PM, says BJP ‎Jul 23, 2010‎ - NDTV.com
	CBI summons Gujarat Minister in fake encounter case ‎Jul 22, 2010‎ - The Hindu

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Modi slams the Congress
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Allegations against Amit Shah politically motivated: Narendra Modi
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Congress-BJP war over Modi minister
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Amit steps down
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Shah faces imminent arrest
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India's $35 tablet--how low can it go?

CNET - Leslie Katz - ‎20 hours ago‎
Kapil Sibal, India's Minister for Human Resource Development, unveils a prototype tablet on Thursday. Five years in development, the cheap device is being called India's answer to Nicholas Negroponte's OLPC laptop. ...

India unveils prototype for $35 touch-screen computer

BBC News - ‎Jul 23, 2010‎
The Indian government has unveiled the prototype of an iPad-like touch-screen laptop, with a price tag of $35 (£23), which it hopes to roll out next year. Aimed at students, the tablet supports web browsing, video conferencing and word processing, ...

HRD unveils low-cost computer for students

Economic Times - ‎Jul 22, 2010‎
NEW DELHI: In a move that will change classroom education across the country, the ministry of human resource development unveiled a low-cost computer with a price tag of Rs 1500 or $35 on Thursday. "This is our answer to MIT's $100 computer," human ...

"The solutions for tomorrow will emerge from India," he said, reports news agency AFP.
more by Kapil Sibal - Jul 23, 2010 - BBC News (10 occurrences)

India sets out to build $35 PC

V3.co.uk - ‎13 hours ago‎
The Indian government has unveiled a prototype for a PC system which will cost just $35. The country's minister for human resource development said that the tablet system will connect with local universities in an effort to expand web access and ...

India unveils $30 laptop

Economic Times - ‎Jul 22, 2010‎
"If more companies decide to manufacture a similar device, prices will come down automatically," Human Resource Development Minister Kapil Sibal said after unveiling the low cost-access-cum computing device here. The device would be made available to ...

India unveils prototype of $35 tablet computer

The Associated Press - Erika Kinetz - ‎Jul 23, 2010‎
MUMBAI, India — It looks like an iPad, only it's 1/14th the cost: India has unveiled the prototype of a $35 basic touchscreen tablet aimed at students, which it hopes to bring into production by 2011. If the government can find a manufacturer, ...

India's $35 PC is the Future of Computing

PC World - Tony Bradley - ‎Jul 23, 2010‎
The government of India has unveiled a prototype of a touchscreen, tablet computer which it expects to sell for $35 initially. As more companies migrate server applications and data storage to the cloud, a simple, Web-enabled ...

India unveils $35 computer

CNN - Harmeet Shah Singh - ‎Jul 23, 2010‎
New Delhi, India (CNN) -- India has unveiled a $35 computer prototype as part of its program to provide connectivity to its students and teachers at affordable prices. Kapil Sibal, the country's human resources development ...

The dream lives

Indian Express - ‎21 hours ago‎
It started as a dare. When MIT Media Lab visionary Nicholas Negroponte promised to bring affordable computing to children in developing countries with the One Laptop Per Child project, India's HRD ministry rejected the idea. We didn't need the largesse ...

India's Rs.1500 laptop a godsend for students

Sify - ‎Jul 23, 2010‎
An Indian laptop priced at just Rs.1500 ($30) and touted as the world's cheapest will come as a godsend for students for whom it has been specifically designed. The laptop, unveiled Thursday by Human Resource Development (HRD) Minister Kapil Sibal, ...
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	India unveils prototype for $35 touch-screen computer ‎Jul 23, 2010‎ - BBC News
	India unveils world's cheapest 'laptop' costing $35 ‎Jul 23, 2010‎ - The Guardian
	An IIT, IISc-designed laptop for just Rs 1500 ‎Jul 22, 2010‎ - Times of India
	India unveils $30 laptop ‎Jul 22, 2010‎ - Economic Times

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India Government Cloud Computer Tablet PC Prototype Android may be $10 to 1.2 Billion People
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India Government Unveils Android Tablet Prototype Cloud Computer predicts $10 to 1.2 Billion People
Santa Barbara Arts TV - 11 hours ago Watch video
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India's $35 laptop
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Modi: it's 'pick and choose'

The Hindu - ‎7 minutes ago‎
PTI Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi on Saturday alleged that a "pick and choose" policy was being followed in the CBI probe against his Minister of State for Home Amit Shah (since resigned) in the Sohrabuddin encounter case.
Video: Modi slams the Congress

Shah episode is UPA to digress from issues: Vyas Times of India
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LeT has expanded its operation to Afghan, West: Mullen

Times of India - ‎24 minutes ago‎
ISLAMABAD: LeT, blamed for the Mumbai attacks, has expanded its operations to Afghanistan and the West and has become more active throughout the region, which calls for concerted action against the outlawed group, America's top military official said ...
Video: India expecting a positive response from Pak: PC

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Dawood henchman attacks Abu Salem in jail

Central Chronicle - ‎5 minutes ago‎
Extradited gangster Abu Salem was on Saturday injured in an attack allegedly by his fellow inmate, a member of the Dawood Ibrahim gang, inside the high security Arthur Road Jail here, police said.
Video: Mumbai: Abu Salem attacked

Attack on Salem by Dawood aide triggers concerns about Kasab NDTV.com
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President, PM congratulate Pak team for beating Australia

Hindustan Times - ‎1 hour ago‎
PTI President Asif Zardari and Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gillani on Saturday led the country in celebrating Pakistan's thrilling three-wicket win over Australia in the second Test at Leeds, England, a rare feat achieved for the first time in 15 years.
Zardari calls for withdrawal of India-Pak troops from Siachen Economic Times
Pakistan, India should withdraw troops from Siachen: Zardari Daily Times
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Growth Must Generate Jobs :Omar Abdullah

www.newsworms.com - ‎1 hour ago‎
Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah, while addressing the National Development Council meeting said that a growth which does not generate employment is meaningless and appealed to policy planners to devise programmes keeping that in mind.
Omar pitches for amendments to AFSPA to help rebuild trust Hindustan Times
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Mango

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This article is about the fruit. For other meanings of the word, see Mango (disambiguation).

Mango

Australian Mango with its cross section
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Angiospermae
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Anacardiaceae
Genus:	Mangifera
Species:	M.indica
Binomial name
*Mangifera indica* L.

Ripe Banganpalli mangoes from Guntur, India.

Mango is a fruit indigenous to the Indian subcontinent,^[1] that belongs to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting trees in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae, of which Mangifera indica, or the common mango, is commonly cultivated and used for food. The mango is cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions and distributed widely in the world, mango is one of the most extensively exploited fruits for food, juice, flavor, fragrance and color.

In several cultures, its fruit and leaves are ritually used as floral decorations at weddings, public celebrations and religious ceremonies.

[hide]

[edit] Etymology

The English word mango originated from the Malayalam word "māṅṅa" (Malayalam: മാങ്ങ), through the Portuguese word manga.^[2] The word's first recorded attestation in a European language was a text by Ludovico di Varthema in Italian in 1510, as Manga; the first recorded occurrences in languages such as French and post-classical Latin appear to be translations from this Italian text.^[3]

[edit] Description

Mango inflorescence and immature fruit

The seed of mango can be hairy or fibrous

Mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) grow 35–40 m (115–130 ft) tall, with a crown radius of 10 m (33 ft). The mango tree is long-lived; some specimens still fruit after 300 years. In deep soil the taproot descends to a depth of 6 m (20 ft) and the profuse, wide-spreading feeder roots also send down many anchor roots, which penetrate several feet of soil. The leaves are evergreen, alternate, simple, 15–35 cm (5.9–14 in) long and 6–16 cm (2.4–6.3 in) broad; when the leaves are young they are orange-pink, rapidly changing to a dark glossy red, then dark green as they mature. The flowers are produced in terminal panicles 10–40 cm (3.9–16 in) long; each flower is small and white with five petals 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long, with a mild sweet odor suggestive of lily of the valley. The fruit takes three to six months to ripen.

The ripe fruit is variable in size and color. Cultivars are variously yellow, orange, red or green and carry a single flat, oblong pit that can be fibrous or hairy on the surface. Ripe, unpeeled fruit gives off a distinctive resinous, sweet smell. Inside the pit 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) thick is a thin lining covering a single seed, 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) long, 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in) and 1 cm (0.4 in). The seed contains the plant embryo.

The "hedgehog" style is a common way of eating mangoes (left). A cross section of a mango can be seen on the right

[edit] Cultivation and uses

Photo of mango trees with clear sky in background

Mango orchard in Multan, Pakistan

White oblong fruits on a background of much thin, but much longer leaves

Unripe mangoes on a mango tree

Mangoes have been cultivated in the Indian subcontinent for thousands of years^[4] and reached East Asia between the 5th-4th century BC. By the 10th century AD, cultivation had begun in East Africa^[4], coming later to Brazil, West Indies and Mexico, where an appropriate climate allows its growth.^[4] The 14th century Moroccan traveler, Ibn Battuta, reported it at Mogadishu.^[5]

Mango is now cultivated in most frost-free tropical and warmer subtropical climates; nearly half of the world's mangoes are cultivated in India alone.^[6]^[7]^[8] Mango is also being grown in Andalusia, Spain (mainly in Malaga province), which is one of the few places in mainland Europe that allow growth of tropical plants and fruit trees.^[9] Many of the 1,000+ mango cultivars are easily cultivated using grafted saplings, ranging from the "turpentine mango" (named for its strong taste of turpentine, which according to the Oxford Companion to Food some varieties actually contain) to the huevos de toro ("eggs of the bull", a euphemism for "bull's testicles", referring to the shape and size).

Other cultivators include North, South and Central America, the Caribbean, south, west and central Africa, Australia, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Southeast Asia. Though India is the largest producer of mangoes, it accounts for less than one percent of the international mango trade, consuming most of its own output.^[10]

Dwarf or semi-dwarf varieties serve as ornamental plants and can be grown in containers.

A wide variety of diseases can afflict mangoes; see List of mango diseases.

[edit] Food

Mango is generally sweet, although the taste and texture of the flesh varies across cultivars, some having a soft, pulpy texture similar to an over-ripe plum, while others flesh is firmer, like a cantaloupe or avocado. Some cultivars' flesh has a fibrous texture. Mango is consumed both as ripe fruit and as an unripe fruit (vegetable)^{[citation needed]}. In unripe, pickled or cooked forms, the mango skin is consumed comfortably, whereas in ripe fruits, the skin is thicker and bitter and is usually not eaten. The ripe mango is commonly eaten fresh.

[edit] Cuisine

Photo of commercially packaged mango powder sold in clear plastic wrapping

Mangoes are widely used in cuisine. Sour, unripe mangoes are used in chutneys, pickles, side dishes, or may be eaten raw with salt, chili, or soy sauce. A cooling summer drink called panna or panha comes from mangoes.

Ripe mangoes are typically eaten fresh, however, they can have many other culinary uses. Mango Lassi, a popular drink made throughout South Asia, is created by mixing ripe mangoes or mango pulp with yogurt and sugar. Ripe mangoes are also used to make curries. Aamras is a popular pulp/thick juice made of mangoes with sugar or milk and is consumed along with bread.

Mangoes are used in preserves like moramba, amchur (dried and powdered unripe mango) and pickles, including a spicy mustard-oil pickle. Ripe mangoes are often cut into thin layers, desiccated, folded, and then cut. These bars are similar to dried guava fruit bars available in some countries. The fruit is also added to cereal products like muesli and oat granola.

Native green mangoes from the Philippines

A basket of ripe mangoes from Bangladesh

Unripe mango may be eaten with bagoong. Dried strips of sweet, ripe mango (sometimes combined with seedless tamarind to form Mangorind) are also popular. Mangoes may be used to make juices, mango nectar, and as a flavoring and major ingredient in ice cream and sorbetes.

Mango is used to make juices, smoothies, ice cream, fruit bars, raspados, aguas frescas, pies and sweet chili sauce, or mixed with chamoy, a sweet and spicy chili paste. It is popular on a stick dipped in hot chili powder and salt or also as a main ingredient in fresh fruit combinations. In Central America, mango is either eaten green with salt, pepper and hot sauce, or ripe in various forms. Toasted and ground pumpkin seed (called pepita) with lime and salt are the norm when eating green mangoes. Some people also add soy sauce or chili sauce.

Pieces of mango can be mashed and used as a topping on ice cream or blended with milk and ice as milkshakes. Sweet glutinous rice is flavored with coconut then served with sliced mango as a dessert. In other parts of South-east Asia, mangoes are pickled with fish sauce and rice vinegar. Green mangoes can be used in mango salad with fish sauce and dried shrimp. Mango may be used as a topping to shaved ice along with condensed milk.

[edit] Nutrients and phytochemicals

Mango, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	272 kJ (65 kcal)
Carbohydrates	17.00 g
Sugars	14.8 g
Dietary fiber	1.8 g
Fat	0.27 g
Protein	.51 g
Vitamin A equiv.	38 μg (4%)
- beta-carotene	445 μg (4%)
Thiamine (Vit. B₁)	0.058 mg (4%)
Riboflavin (Vit. B₂)	0.057 mg (4%)
Niacin (Vit. B₃)	0.584 mg (4%)
Pantothenic acid (B₅)	0.160 mg (3%)
Vitamin B₆	0.134 mg (10%)
Folate (Vit. B₉)	14 μg (4%)
Vitamin C	27.7 mg (46%)
Calcium	10 mg (1%)
Iron	0.13 mg (1%)
Magnesium	9 mg (2%)
Phosphorus	11 mg (2%)
Potassium	156 mg (3%)
Zinc	0.04 mg (0%)
Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient database

Mango is rich in a variety of phytochemicals^[11] and nutrients. The fruit pulp is high in prebiotic dietary fiber, vitamin C, polyphenols and provitamin A carotenoids.^[12]

Mango contains essential vitamins and dietary minerals. The antioxidant vitamins A, C and E comprise 25%, 76% and 9% of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) in a 165 grams (5.8 oz) serving. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, 11% DRI), vitamin K (9% DRI), other B vitamins and essential nutrients such as potassium, copper and 17 amino acids are at good levels. Mango peel and pulp contain other phytonutrients, such as the pigment antioxidants - carotenoids and polyphenols - and omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Mango peel contains pigments that may have antioxidant properties,^[11]^[13] including carotenoids, such as the provitamin A compound, beta-carotene, lutein and alpha-carotene,^[14] polyphenols^[15]^[16] such as quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechins, tannins, and the unique mango xanthone, mangiferin,^[17] any of which may counteract free radicals in various disease processes as revealed in preliminary research.^[18]^[19] Phytochemical and nutrient content appears to vary across mango species.^[20] Up to 25 different carotenoids have been isolated from mango pulp, the densest of which was beta-carotene, which accounts for the yellow-orange pigmentation of most mango species.^[21] Peel and leaves also have significant polyphenol content, including xanthones, mangiferin and gallic acid.^[22]

The mango triterpene, lupeol^[23] is an effective inhibitor in laboratory models of prostate and skin cancers.^[24]^[25]^[26] An extract of mango branch bark called Vimang, isolated by Cuban scientists, contains numerous polyphenols with antioxidant properties in vitro^[27] and on blood parameters of elderly humans.^[28]

The pigment euxanthin, known as Indian yellow, is often thought to be produced from the urine of cows fed mango leaves; the practice is described as having been outlawed in 1908 due to malnutrition of the cows and possible urushiol poisoning.^[29] This supposed origin of euxanthin appears to rely on a single, anecdotal source and Indian legal records do not outlaw such a practice.^[30]

[edit] Potential for contact dermatitis

Mango peel contains urushiol, the chemical in poison ivy and poison sumac that can cause urushiol-induced contact dermatitis in susceptible people.^[31] Cross-reactions between mango contact allergens and urushiol have been observed.^[32] Those with a history of poison ivy or poison oak may be most at risk for such an allergic reaction.^[33] Urushiol is also present in mango leaves and vines. During mango's primary season, it is the most common source of plant dermatitis in Hawaii.^[34]

[edit] Cultural significance

Mango roundabout, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

The mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines.^{[citation needed]}

In Hinduism, the perfectly ripe mango is often held by Lord Ganesha as a symbol of attainment, regarding the devotees potential perfection. Mango blossoms are also used in the worship of the goddess Saraswati.

Mango leaves are used to decorate archways and doors in Indian houses and during weddings and celebrations like Ganesh Chaturthi. Mango motifs and paisleys are widely used in different Indian embroidery styles and are found in Kashmiri shawls, Kanchipuram silk sarees, etc. Paisleys are also common to Iranian art, because of its pre-Islamic Zoroastrian past.

[edit] Production and consumption

Street vendor selling mangoes in Venezuela

Mangoes account for approximately half of all tropical fruits produced worldwide. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates worldwide production at more than 33,000,000 tonnes (32,000,000 LT; 36,000,000 ST) in 2007 (table below). The aggregate production of the top 10 countries is responsible for roughly 80% of production.

Alphonso, Beresha or Berisha (Banganapalli in Telugu and Tamil) and Kesar mango varieties are considered among the best mangoes in India's Southern states while Dussehri and Langda varieties are most popular in the Northern states.

Generally, ripe mangoes have an orange-yellow or reddish peel and are juicy for eating, while exported fruit are often picked while under-ripe with green peels. Although producing ethylene while ripening, unripened exported mangoes do not have the same juiciness or flavor as fresh fruit.

Like other drupaceous fruits, mangoes come in both freestone and clingstone varieties.

Top producers of mangoes, mangosteens, guavas, 2007
Country	Production in Tons
India	13,501,000
People's Republic of China	3,752,000
Mexico	2,050,000
Thailand	1,800,000
Pakistan	1,719,180
Indonesia	1,620,000
Brazil	1,546,000
World total	33,445,279
Source Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division

[edit] Cultivars

Main article: List of mango cultivars

Alphonso mangoes (local name: Hapoos) are grown mainly in Devgad, Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri districts of Maharashtra, India and favored there, are now popular in the United States.^[35]^[36]

Many hundreds of named mango cultivars exist. In mango orchards, several cultivars are often crossed to improve pollination. Many desired cultivars are mono-embryonic and must be propagated by grafting or they do not breed true. A common (mono-embryonic) cultivar is Alphonso, an important export product.

Cultivars that excel in one climate may fail elsewhere. For example, Indian cultivars such as Julie, a prolific cultivar in Jamaica, require annual fungicide treatment to escape a lethal fungal disease known as Anthracnose in Florida. Asian mangoes are resistant to Anthracnose.

The current world market is dominated by the cultivar Tommy Atkins, a seedling of Haden that first fruited in 1940 in southern Florida, USA. It was initially rejected commercially by Florida researchers^[37]. For example, 80% of mangoes in UK supermarkets are Tommy Atkins. Despite its fibrous flesh and fair taste, growers worldwide have embraced the cultivar for its exceptional productivity and disease resistance, shelf-life, transportability and size and appealing color. Tommy Atkins is predominant in the USA as well, although other cultivars, such Kent, Keitt, the Haitian-grown Madame Francis and the Mexican grown Champagne are widely available.

In urban areas of southern Florida, small gardens, or lack thereof, have fueled the desire for dwarf mango trees. The Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden has promoted "condo mangoes," which produce at a height below 2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft)^{[citation needed]}

There is an Australian variety of mango known as R2E2, a name based on the original plant's orchard row location. This variety produces large (up to 1 kilograms (2 lb))yellow-red fruit that attracts a premium price in the Australian market.

[edit] See also

[edit] Gallery

Mango tree with flowers.	Sindhri Mango of Pakistan	Mature Mangifera Indica after annual flowering - Note the budding fruits and residual flowers.	Immature fruit of Mangifera approximately six weeks after annual flowering.
Flowers of Mangifera Indica	Banganpalli mangoes sold at Guntur, India.	Freshly harvested mangoes and bananas at a fruit stand on the island of Maui, Hawaii.	Ripe Misridana Mango from Natore, Bangladesh.

[edit] References

^ Mango: botany and taxonomy, HorticultureWorld
^ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed., mango. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
^ Oxford English Dictionary, mango, n.¹ (and adj.). Retrieved 2009-06-22.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ensminger 1994: 1373
^ Watson, Andrew J. (1983). Agricultural innovation in the early Islamic world: the diffusion of crops and farming techniques, 700–1100. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 72–3. ISBN 0-521-24711-X.
^ Jedele S, Hau AM, von Oppen M. An analysis of the world market for mangoes and its importance for developing countries. Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development, 2003 [1]
^ India world's largest producer of mangoes, Rediff India Abroad, April 21, 2004
^ Mad About mangoes: As exports to the U.S. resume, a juicy business opportunity ripens, India Knowledge@Wharton Network, June 14, 2007
^ http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?booknrarnr=820_2
^ USAID helps Indian mango farmers access new markets, USAID-India, May 3, 2006
^ ^a ^b Ajila CM, Prasada Rao UJ (2008). "Protection against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative damage in rat erythrocytes by Mangifera indica L. peel extract". Food Chem Toxicol 46 (1): 303–9. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.024. PMID 17919803.
^ Nutrient profile for mango, Nutritiondata.com
^ Berardini N, Fezer R, Conrad J, Beifuss U, Carle R, Schieber A (2005). "Screening of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for their contents of flavonol O- and xanthone C-glycosides, anthocyanins, and pectin". J Agric Food Chem 53 (5): 1563–70. doi:10.1021/jf0484069. PMID 15740041.
^ Gouado I, Schweigert FJ, Ejoh RA, Tchouanguep MF, Camp JV (2007). "Systemic levels of carotenoids from mangoes and papaya consumed in three forms (juice, fresh and dry slice)". Eur J Clin Nutr 61 (10): 1180–8. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602841. PMID 17637601.
^ Mahattanatawee K, Manthey JA, Luzio G, Talcott ST, Goodner K, Baldwin EA (2006). "Total antioxidant activity and fiber content of select Florida-grown tropical fruits". J Agric Food Chem 54 (19): 7355–63. doi:10.1021/jf060566s. PMID 16968105.
^ Singh UP, Singh DP, Singh M, et al. (2004). "Characterization of phenolic compounds in some Indian mango cultivars". Int J Food Sci Nutr 55 (2): 163–9. doi:10.1080/09637480410001666441. PMID 14985189.
^ Andreu GL, Delgado R, Velho JA, Curti C, Vercesi AE (2005). "Mangiferin, a natural occurring glucosyl xanthone, increases susceptibility of rat liver mitochondria to calcium-induced permeability transition". Arch Biochem Biophys 439 (2): 184–93. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.05.015. PMID 15979560.
^ Percival SS, Talcott ST, Chin ST, Mallak AC, Lounds-Singleton A, Pettit-Moore J (2006). "Neoplastic transformation of BALB/3T3 cells and cell cycle of HL-60 cells are inhibited by mango (Mangifera indica L.) juice and mango juice extracts". J Nutr 136 (5): 1300–4. PMID 16614420. http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16614420.
^ Rodríguez J, Di Pierro D, Gioia M, et al. (2006). "Effects of a natural extract from Mangifera indica L, and its active compound, mangiferin, on energy state and lipid peroxidation of red blood cells". Biochim Biophys Acta 1760 (9): 1333–42. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.04.005. PMID 16860486.
^ Rocha Ribeiro SM, Queiroz JH, Lopes Ribeiro de Queiroz ME, Campos FM, Pinheiro Sant'ana HM (2007). "Antioxidant in mango (Mangifera indica L.) pulp". Plant Foods Hum Nutr 62 (1): 13–7. doi:10.1007/s11130-006-0035-3. PMID 17243011.
^ Chen JP, Tai CY, Chen BH (2004). "Improved liquid chromatographic method for determination of carotenoids in Taiwanese mango (Mangifera indica L.)". J Chromatogr A 1054 (1–2): 261–8. PMID 15553152.
^ Barreto JC, Trevisan MT, Hull WE, et al. (2008). "Characterization and quantitation of polyphenolic compounds in bark, kernel, leaves, and peel of mango (Mangifera indica L.)". J Agric Food Chem 56 (14): 5599–610. doi:10.1021/jf800738r. PMID 18558692.
^ Chaturvedi PK, Bhui K, Shukla Y (2008). "Lupeol: connotations for chemoprevention". Cancer Lett 263 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2008.01.047. PMID 18359153.
^ Prasad S, Kalra N, Singh M, Shukla Y (2008). "Protective effects of lupeol and mango extract against androgen induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice" (PDF). Asian J Androl 10 (2): 313–8. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00313.x. PMID 18097535. http://www.nature.com/aja/journal/v10/n2/pdf/aja2008241a.pdf.
^ Nigam N, Prasad S, Shukla Y (2007). "Preventive effects of lupeol on DMBA induced DNA alkylation damage in mouse skin". Food Chem Toxicol 45 (11): 2331–5. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.06.002. PMID 17637493.
^ Saleem M, Afaq F, Adhami VM, Mukhtar H (2004). "Lupeol modulates NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt pathways and inhibits skin cancer in CD-1 mice". Oncogene 23 (30): 5203–14. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207641. PMID 15122342.
^ Rodeiro I, Cancino L, González JE, et al. (2006). "Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang), a new natural product with antioxidant activity". Food Chem Toxicol 44 (10): 1707–13. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2006.05.009. PMID 16857303.
^ Pardo-Andreu GL, Philip SJ, Riaño A, et al. (2006). "Mangifera indica L. (Vimang) protection against serum oxidative stress in elderly humans". Arch Med Res 37 (1): 158–64. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.04.017. PMID 16314203.
^ History of Indian yellow, Pigments Through the Ages
^ Finlay, Victoria (2003). Color : A Natural History of the Palette. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8129-7142-6.
^ Rocha Ribeiro SM, Queiroz JH, Lopes Ribeiro de Queiroz ME, Campos FM, Pinheiro Sant'ana HM (2007). "Antioxidant in mango (Mangifera indica L.) pulp". Plant Foods Hum Nutr 62 (1): 13–7. doi:10.1007/s11130-006-0035-3. PMID 17243011. "However, the mango peel has properties similar to sumac or poison ivy, resulting in allergic rashes around the mouth, eyes, cheeks, and genitalia if the urushiol oil is spread. Washing the affected area five minutes after contact should prevent some of the symptoms. Symptoms can be swelling, formation of yellow sores, redness, and if unmaintained, may be subjected to bacterial infection.".
^ Oka K, Saito F, Yasuhara T, Sugimoto A. (2004). "A study of cross-reactions between mango contact allergens and urushiol". Contact Dermatitis 51 (5–6): 292–6. doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00451.x. PMID 15606656.
^ Hershko K, Weinberg I, Ingber A (2005). "Exploring the mango – poison ivy connection: the riddle of discriminative plant dermatitis". Contact Dermatitis 52 (1): 3–5. doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00454.x.
^ McGovern TW, LaWarre S (2001). "Botanical briefs: the mango tree—Mangifera indica L.". Cutis 67 (5): 365–6.
^ Allen J. Mango mania in Portland, Oregon, New York Times, May 10, 2006
^ Black R. Plump it up. Sweet, juicy mangoes are at their peak, with seasonal varieties ripe for the picking, New York Daily News, May 13, 2007
^ Susser, Allen (2001). The Great Mango Book. New York: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1580082041.

[edit] Further reading

Ensminger, Audrey H.; Ensminger, Marion E. (1994). Foods and Nutrition Encyclopedia. CRC Press. pp. 1373. ISBN 0849389801.
Ensminger, Audrey H.; et al. (1995). The Concise Encyclopedia of Foods & Nutrition. CRC Press. pp. 651. ISBN 0849344557.

[edit] External links

Wikispecies has information related to: Mangifera

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mango

[show] v • d • e Mangoes

List	List of mango cultivars

Mango cultivars	Aamras • Alampur Baneshan • Alice • Alphonso • Anderson • Angie • Ataulfo • Bailey's Marvel • Bennet Alphonso • Beverly • Bombay • Brahm Kai Meu • Brooks • Carrie • Chaunsa • Chok anan • Cogshall • Cushman • Dasheri • Dot • Duncan • Earlygold • Edward • Eldon • Emerald • Fairchild • Fascell • Florigon • Ford • Gary • Glenn • Golden Lippens • Gold Nugget • Graham • Haden • Hatcher • Ice Cream • Irwin • Keitt • Kent • Langra • Mallika • Osteen • Palmer • Ruby • Sammar Bahisht • Sensation • Shan-e-Khuda • Springfels • Tommy Atkins

Other topics	International Mango Festival

Category:Mangoes

[show] v • d • e National symbols of the Philippines

Official	Flag · Coat of arms · "Lupang Hinirang" · Philippine Eagle · Sampaguita · Narra · Arnis

Unofficial	National heroes: José Rizal, Andrés Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat, Juan Luna, Melchora Aquino, and Gabriela Silang · Cariñosa · Carabao · Bangus · "Bayan Ko" · "Pilipinas Kong Mahal" · Juan de la Cruz · Anahaw · Mango · Sipa · Barong and Baro't saya

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango"

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